6) List the three main types of intermolecular forces and describe how each are formed. Which intermolecular forces are the strongest and why?
- London Dispersion Forces- between non-polar molecules (Weakest)
- step 1: two molecules get close to each other
- step 2: electrons in one molecule shift to form an instantaneous dipole (2 poles created by bonds + & -)
- step 3: momentary dipole in one molecule induces a dipole in the other and they form an interaction
- only momentary dipole
- low temperature and bigger atoms/molecule make LDF stronger
- contain more electrons that are held less firmly by nucleus- allows them to shift & form instant dipole
- NOT A BOND ONLY A FORCE/ATTRACTION
- Dipole Interactions- between polar molecules (2nd Strongest)
- positive pole is attracted to the negative pole
- easily broken using boil/melt
- NOT A BOND ONLY A FORCE/ATTRACTION
- Hydrogen Bonds- (Strongest)
- FORCE OCCURRING
- Polar molecules that contain a bond between H and either O, N, or F
- large electronegativity difference creates stronger dipoles
- Hydrogen and Dipole can ALSO have LDF